Recent advances in noninvasive cardiac output measurement techniques have greatly enhanced the ability to monitor haemodynamics in paediatric patients with minimal risk. These methodologies, which ...

High output and low output heart failure refer to how much blood your heart pumps to your body with each heartbeat. In both cases, the output is not enough to meet your body’s needs. A diagnosis of ...

Chronic heart failure occurs when either the left ventricle, the right ventricle, or both require elevated filling pressures to maintain cardiac output. Heart failure is a syndrome, not a specific ...

Cardiac tamponade occurs when a pericardial effusion exerts a significant amount of pressure externally on the heart, resulting in impaired right ventricular filling eventually causing decreased ...