At times we wish to examine statistical evidence, and determine whether it supports or contradicts a claim that has been made (or that we might wish to make) concerning the entire population. This is ...

In order to test a hypothesis in traditional (“frequentist”) statistics, you posit an alternative called the “null hypothesis”. The null hypothesis should be chosen so as to represent the default ...

Technologies of measuring millions of quantities at once have been rapidly developed and used in biological and biomedical research and other fields in the past decade. Yet a key issue remains ...

It may be common knowledge that p < .05 indicates statistical significance. Psychology students (and others) are often taught that p < .05 means the probability (p) of rejecting the null hypothesis ...

Research and statistical analysis help us understand how the world works, how effective medications and treatments are, what influences our health, the best approach for business practices, and much ...

Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is most often used by researchers to test predictions, called hypotheses. The first step in ...