What could be more basic than a voltage reference—a simple, constant reference voltage? As with all design topics, there are tradeoffs. This article discusses the different types of voltage references ...

For a variety of reasons, designers often discover that their creations need yet more power-supply voltages. For example, a system powered by ±2.5V power supplies suddenly needs a precision –1.4V ...

The voltage reference sets the limit to the input analog signal that the ADC can resolve. Equation 1 is the ideal transfer function of an ADC where the output code—in decimal form—is computed by the ...

Applications sometimes require the generation of a voltage that is below the reference rail. Many design engineers would just use a second regulator to generate this voltage. However, a simple change ...